Physics basic definitions (Part-1)

 Speed :-

              

                 Speed is the rate of change of distance.

 Velocity :-

                  The velocity is the rate of change of displacement.

Acceleration:-

                           

                   The acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity.

Newton's Laws:-

                  1st: Newton's First Law states that every body continues in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless acted on by some external force.

                 2nd: Newton's Second Law states that the rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the external force acting on the body and takes place in the direction of the force.

                3rd: If a body A exerts a force on a body B, then B exerts an equal and oppositely directed force on A.

                            

Linear Momentum:-

                    The linear momentum is the product of mass and velocity.

Force:-

                     The force is the rate of change of momentum.

Conservation of Momentum: -

                     

                    The Conservation of Momentum states that the total (linear) momentum of a system of interacting bodies, on which no external forces are acting, remains constant.

Moment of a force:-

                   

                   The moment of a force = force x perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force.

torque of a couple:-

                  

                 The torque of a couple or a pair of equal and opposite parallel forces lines of action do not coincide is the product of one or the forces and the perpendicular distance between the lines of action.

Potential at a point:-

              

             The potential at a point is the work done in bringing unit mass from infinity to the point.

Gravitational field strength:-

                 The gravitational field strength is the force per unit mass.

Charge :-

              

              The charge is the property of some elementary particles that give rise to an interaction between them and consequently to the host of the material phenomena described as electrical.

Coulombs :-

        

              The coulomb is the quantity of charge which passes any section of a conductor in 1 second when a current of 1 Amp is flowing as given by the equation Q = I x A.

Volt :-

              

              The volt is the potential difference between 2 points in a circuit when 1 J of electrical energy is converted to other form of energy when 1 C passes from 1 point to the other.

Resistance :-

         

             The resistance is the ratio of potential difference across an electrical component to current passing through it.

Ohm :-

              The ohm is the resistance of a conductor through which a current of 1 A is flowing when potential difference across it is 1 V.

Electric potential at a point :-

                The electric potential at a point is the workdone in bringing unit charge from infinity to the point.

Capacitance : -

          

           The capacitance is the charge stored per unit potential difference applied to the capacitor.

Farad :-

                The farad is 1 coulomb per volt.

Magnetic flux density:-

            The magnetic flux density is the force per unit length per unit current on a current carrying conductor at the right angle to field lines.

Tesla :-

              

           A Tesla is one weber of magnetic flux per square meter.